Histo-Epidemiology of Kidney Cancer in Cameroon: About 110 Cases

J. P. Ndamba Engbang; B. Sala; C. Fonkwa; Y. Ligan; B. Djougmo Djimeli; G. Simo; A. Moune; A. Fewou; J. L. Oyono Essame; A. Hasigov; A. Ephiev

J. P. Ndamba Engbang Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon, Laquintinie Hospital of Douala, Douala, Cameroon and North-Ossetian State Medical Academy, Vladikavkaz, Russia.
B. Sala Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon and Laquintinie Hospital of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
C. Fonkwa Laquintinie Hospital of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
Y. Ligan Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
B. Djougmo Djimeli Laquintinie Hospital of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
G. Simo Bio-Medical and Cancer Center of Bafoussam, Bafoussam, Cameroon.
A. Moune Anapathos Laboratory, Douala, Cameroon.
A. Fewou Douala General Hospital, Douala, Cameroon.
J. L. Oyono Essame Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Yaound� I, Yaound�, Cameroon and Yaounde University Health Center, Yaound�, Cameroon.
A. Hasigov North-Ossetian State Medical Academy, Vladikavkaz, Russia.
A. Ephiev North-Ossetian State Medical Academy, Vladikavkaz, Russia.

Keywords: Cancer, kidney, epidemiology, histopathology, Cameroon

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the epidemiological and histopathological aspects of kidney cancer in Cameroon.

Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study on malignant tumors of the kidney examined in the anatomical pathology laboratories of five regions (Center, Littoral, West, South-west and North-west), over a period of 12 years (2004-2015). The studied parameters were: frequency, age, sex, histological type.

Results: A total of 110 cases of kidney cancer were collected, representing 8.55% of malignant urogenital tumors. The mean age of patients was 28.7224.79 years (extremes: 4 months - 76 years). Females are relatively more affected than males (56 cases, 50.91%), with female-to-male ratio of 1.04:1. A total of 58 (52.73%) cases of renal cell carcinomas (RCC), 46 (41.82%) cases of nephroblastomas (NB) and 3 (2.73%) of soft tissue tumors were identified.

Conclusion: Kidney cancer is the third urogenital cancer in Cameroon characterized by a relative female predominance with renal cell carcinoma as the predominant histological type. Kidney cancer is the third urogenital cancer in Cameroon characterized by a relative female predominance with renal cell cancer as the predominant histological type. The fight against smoking, the prevention of diseases such as hypertension and diabetes are among the key elements that can help for the decrease in the prevalence of this pathology. It should be noted that the effective initiation of cancer registries is still essential to master the epidemiological data, foundation for a better coordination and prevention of the anti-cancer fight.