Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 2

Developing Fractals Using Iterated Function Systems: Advanced Study

Bulusu Rama — 2020-05-11

The geometric modeling of fractal objects is a difficult process. An important class of complex objects in nature is trees, plants, clouds, mountains, etc. These objects cannot be satisfactorily described or acceptable in quality or quantity using conventional geometry. Diverse techniques are at present being investigated for modeling these complex objects. The development of a new approach to computing fractals is being taken up by us, known as Iterated Function Systems. Any set of linear maps (affine transformations) and an associated set of probabilities determines an Iterated Function System (IFS). IFS description forms, through a set of simple geometric transformations, a basic set of tools for interactive image construction. This paper presents the role of IFS in geometric modeling of fractal objects.

Dielectric Coating Effect with Particle Movement in a 3-Phase GIB

K. B. V. S. R. Subrahmanyam — 2020-05-11

The dielectric coating effect on the motion of the Particle inside a Gas Insulated Bus duct (GIB) of three phase using epoxy resin coating of dielectric inside f GIB outer enclosure of inner surface without image charge is presented in this paper. Simulation is performed by considering various parameters like drag, gravitational and the electrostatic forces acting on the particle and a mathematical model was derived. A 2^nd order differential equation for the particle motion is solved and restitution coefficient was considered at each impact of particle with the GIB enclosure. At the particle locations, estimation of electric fields instantaneously was made by CSM. The particle motion in the absence of effect of image charge is considered in a 3-phase GIB with dielectric coating. For voltage levels like 400 kV, 600 kV, 800 kV and 1200 kV class, the movement of radial in nature is found for particles like aluminum and copper inside GIB. Analysis of all the results were done and presented in this paper.

Education, Technology and Curriculum: The “Classroom of the Future” and the New Pedagogical Innovation Horizons

L. Cardoso — 2020-05-11

One of the most debated concepts in Education and Technology is the “Classroom of the Future”, not only because classrooms changed, but first of all because students, society and teachers have changed. This is a global challenge for Higher Education: To prepare future teachers for these new ages of technology-based classrooms, students who master digital and informational tools and pedagogy that needs to be enhanced in order to follow all these simultaneous mutations. Our main objective is to discuss how Universities need to focus on new pedagogical approaches for the “Classroom of the Future”, combining Education, Curricula and Technology, preparing future teachers and drawing the path for teaching and learning success.

Smart Agriculture: IOT with Cloud Computing, Fog Computing and Edge Computing

S. Nandhini — 2020-05-11

Smart Farming could be a explained as a farming method which works on the thought process of a fashionable technology to increase the yield of the amount and quality of agricultural merchandise. IoT-based smart farming, a system solely made for the observation of crops in the field with the assistance of sensors and automating the irrigation system in accordance to our needs. Antique cloud-based system which uses mostly IoT models are inadequate to handle the traffic and the database of knowledge. So as to an extent it turns out to be lower latency, longer battery life for IoT devices, a lot of efficient money-based knowledge management, access to knowledge management and AI, ML IoT-EDGE based system is proposed or may be adopted. Edge for the IoT brings potential edges for several IoT deployments, as well as removal of interval in conjunction with geometric communications potency, compared to exploitation of the cloud to process and store knowledge. For example, several IoT processes will have a high level of automation at the sting leading to low latency for fast processing. The machine if ogsim is employed for modelling and simulating the sting based mostly on the IoT system which also includes the edge and the fog. The results of this method are to indicate that Edge computing based mostly IoT models are a lot of economical and extremely fast and may turn out and provide higher results when put next to different systems.

Modeling and Simulation of Solar PV Energy Conversion Systems: New Perspectives

D. Bharathy Priya — 2020-05-11

This paper explores the role of Power Electronic technology has been utilized in various types of applications where electrical power produced and distributed especially in Solar Photovoltaic Panel Systems. In this paper, discussed about designing and modeling of solar photovoltaic system parameters such as saturation current, photo current, reverse saturation current, shunt resistor current, voltage versus current characteristics and voltage vs power characteristics of solar photovoltaic cell that is simulated using MATLAB Simulink.

Curriculum Design: An Indicative Guide

J. Raja Murugadoss — 2020-05-11

Curriculum design is an important part of an academic system. It describes the contextual relationship between various elements of teaching learning process. Constructive alignment of various elements of academic system viz., educational objectives, instructional strategies and assessment is very much essential. This process starts with effective curriculum design understanding the requirements of all stakeholders. Curriculum design has to be done as a scientific process that clearly reflects and addresses the way to attain the objectives. In the present chapter an attempt has re-iterated for an effective curriculum design framework.

Real Time Static Gesture Recognition Using Time of Flight Camera: Scientific Approach

Netra Lokhande — 2020-05-11

Hand gesture recognition is challenging task in machine vision due to similarity between inter class samples and high amount of variation in intra class samples. The gesture recognition independent of light intensity, independent of color has drawn some attention due to its requirement where system should perform during night time also. This paper provides an insight into dynamic hand gesture recognition using depth data and images collected from time of flight camera. It provides user interface to track down natural gestures. The area of interest and hand area is first segmented out using adaptive thresholding and region labeling. It is assumed that hand is the closet object to camera. A novel algorithm is proposed to segment the hand region only. The noise due to ToF camera measurement is eliminated by preprocessing algorithms. There are two algorithms which we have proposed for extracting the hand gestures features. The first algorithm is based on computing the region distance between the fingers and second one is about computing the shape descriptor of gesture boundary in radial fashion from the centroid of hand gestures. For matching the gesture the distance between two independent regions is computed for every row and column. Same process is repeated across the columns. The number of total region transitions are computed for every row and column. This number of transitions across rows and columns forms the feature vector. The proposed solution is easily able to deal with static and dynamic gestures. In case of second approach we compute the distance between the gesture centroid and shape boundaries at various angles from 0 to 360 degrees. These distances forms the feature vector. Comparison of result shows that this method is very effective in extracting the shape features and competent enough in terms of accuracy and speed. The gesture recognition algorithm mentioned in this paper can be used in automotive infotainment systems, consumer electronics where hardware needs to be cost effective and the response of the system should be fast enough.

Commercial Biogas Production from Domestic Solid Waste

E. P. Akhator — 2020-05-11

This chapter presents a study on the investigation of the potentials of commercial biogas production from biodegradable waste in Benin metropolis. The study was carried out in two phases. The first phase involved characterization of solid waste generated and determination of the quantity of potential feedstock for biogas production in Benin metropolis and the second phase was determination of the amount of biogas obtainable from biodegradable waste in the metropolis. The results from the study showed that an average daily generation rate of 0.358 kg per person per day (ppd.) of solid waste is generated in study area. Food waste accounted for about 78.5% of the generated solid waste representing 0.281 kg per person per day (ppd.) and a total daily food waste generation of about 305.1 tonnes. Based on this value for food waste the obtainable biogas was estimated to be 28,836.91 m³ of biogas per day. This volume of biogas can provide cooking gas for about 26 thousand families per month in Benin metropolis or alternatively can be utilized to generate about 49.0MW of electricity per day.

Improvisation and Modification in Gearbox Components to Expedite Production

Nikhil Kohli — 2020-05-11

Agriculture is one of the main occupations in India. For that, a lot of machines are required. As the demand is increasing day by day, the tractor industry has planned to upgrade its system and work culture along with the manufacturing techniques. During this process, the company has decided to improvise their products. As a part of the background study which needs to be done for this study, design and manufacturing of the gear box has been studied and has been noticed that some improvisations can be done in the manufacturing part as the turning operation is taking way much longer time than any other operation in the process. Turning operations of input shaft and lay shaft has been taken into consideration to expedite the production. This study aims at the manufacturing of input shaft and the lay shaft. Aiming to increase the production, an attempt has been made to improvise the CNC codes for faster production and also to improvise the work culture and operation techniques.

The Rheological Properties of the Finishing Lime Composition with Additive Based on Synthetic Aluminosilicates: Recent Study

V. I. Loganina — 2020-05-11

The information about the patterns of structure formation of lime compositions with the additive based on synthetic aluminosilicate. It is shown that the introduction of additives based on synthetic aluminosilicate helps to speed dial plastic strength.

Simulation of Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Process Using Aspen Hysys V9 Simulator under Steady State Operating Condition

T. Selvaganapathy — 2020-05-11

In the present research paper incorporates the steady state simulation of waste plastic thermolysis process and modelling for the conversion of hydrocarbon product from waste plastics such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) with the assistance of Aspen Hysys V9 simulator. This simulator was used to design the pyrolytic reactor model for waste plastic thermolysis process. A Peng-Robinson thermodynamics model was employed as a fluid package of this simulation work. The simulation process of plastic pyrolysis in the simulation environment, was taking places into two stages such as i) A conversion of plastic wastes into vapour-liquid fraction (VLF) with small amount of char-residue using conversion reactor (pyrolytic reactor) and ii) separation of produced vapour-liquid fraction to pyro-gases and liquid-fuel with the aid of water tube condenser. The obtained results demonstrated that, a conversion of polystyrene into liquid fuel is up to 88.7% has been optimum value than other plastic wastes like polyethylene produced of 81.95% and polypropylene produced of 83.54 %. The simulated model can provide an inspiration to the researcher in knowing expected products and their individual component for better understanding and scale-up studies.

Plot and Property Management (PPM): An Initiative for Smart City Implementation Using ICT

Sapna Malik — 2020-05-11

The role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) improves the overall growth and economy of the country by implementing better services in smart city environment relating to the land and property. ICT implements proper management of properties through a single platform. Plot and Property Management (PPM) is a system which is made to improvise the manual system in urban areas. With the implementation of this system owner/allottees of the property can monitor the status of their application on internet. This system can reduce the rush in Estate Offices. This system brought transparency in the working of the current system. This system also increases the efficiency of the staff as compared to the earlier system.

Dynamic Voltage Restorer and Hybrid Active Power Filter for Power Quality Improvement: Comparative Study

M. Sharanya — 2020-05-11

Power quality means maintaining the voltage, current and power within the rating as per the IEC standards and supplying it back to the consumers without any delay and interruption. But this has become a difficult task for the power industry. To improve power quality many Custom Power Device’s (CPD) are used. Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a CPD which is used to improve the voltage quality. Hybrid Active Power Filter (HAPF) is used to reduce current harmonics. In this chapter DVR and HAPF are simulated for various conditions. A controller is proposed which gives voltage signals to trigger the switches of an inverter using a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) scheme. As a result, there is drastic improvement in voltage profile and also reduction in harmonics.

Deducting of Prickle Noise from Satellite Galaxy Images

M. Duraisamy — 2020-05-11

Images are intended to exhibit vital information and play an important role in technology and innovation. During their discovery, the main drawback of digital image is the level of noise and depletion. This article introduces a predictive model for satellite galaxy images to infer dull throb noise. The existing filtering techniques for image noise are presented and perhaps an approach is adopted by ascribing variability of pixel values to stuck up cells to discern dull throb noise. Precise image renovation is of supreme position for low-level computer vision. Many intricate refurbishment algorithms have been specified in the literature. Performance of these refurbishment algorithms differs with the nature of the image and misrepresentation. These algorithms are assessed both qualitatively or quantitatively by relating the reinstated image with the original image. The practical disadvantage of this quantifiable assessment is the requirement for the original image. This measure examines the deblurring as well as the denoising the refurbishment method. Approaches to image reconstruction can preserve image details while suppressing noise from the prickle. This technique's working standard is implemented and reviewed using MATLAB with visualization effects. Outcomes of experiments are compared with indicators of image quality.

Simple Maximum Power Point Tracker Based on Perturb and Observe Technique for PV Module: Advanced Study

E. T. El Shenawy — 2020-05-11

For any PV module, both current and voltage vary proportionally to the load and the solar radiation level as a nonlinear relation, which causes the continuous variation of the maximum power point (MPP). Since the maximum power for a certain load can be taken from the PV module at a distinct point for each radiation level, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) can be used to follow the optimum operating point. This paper presents design and build a simple MPPT based on perturb and observe technique for a small DC load driven by a PV module. The experimental results showed that using the proposed MPPT promotes a good matching between the PV module and its load. According to the good matching, the daily output energy can be increased by about 37-42% more than that of the direct coupling between the load and the PV module.

Studies Effect on Structural Relaxation of the x(AgI+KI)+(1-x)NH4I System Base on Thermal Measurements: New Perspectives

A. Garcia — 2020-05-11

Structural phase transitions in the x(AgI+KI)+(1-x)NH₄I system, allowed quantifying the structural relaxation of the phases: respectively, being correlated with the NH₄I content and with the presence of the glass phase within the compound. It is noticed the importance of having a first thermal treatment of the compound, in order to erase the thermal history. The spontaneous liberation of the residual enthalpy is achieved by using a T_a = 308 K isotherm for a two-hour time span. Based on the obtained data, it is presented the phase diagram for variations from x = 0.45 to 0.95.