Emerging Trends in Engineering Research and Technology Vol. 1

A novel and ultra-thin inverted 'E' shaped monopole antenna for Wireless operations in the laptop computer is presented. The thickness of the antenna is only 0.2mm and is designed using only a pure copper strip of size   . The innovation of the design is miniaturized size and wider impedance bandwidth in dual band operation using two monopole radiating strips  namely RS (inverted J) and PQ(inverted Z) along with open ended vertical tuning stub of size 4.5x1 mm². The measured impedance bandwidth spanned as 11.24% (2.35-2.63)GHz in a lower band and 18.78% (4.92-5.94)GHz in the upper band for VSWR<2 and covers 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN and 5.5 GHz WiMAX bands. The presented antenna has proved excellent radiation performance, including nearly omni directional patterns, a stable gain of around 4dBi and an excellent efficiency of around 90% in  and  bands. This confirms the applicability for WLAN/WiMAX applications in the prominent ultra-thin laptop computers.

Soil is one of the most unique construction material by having no exact stress-strain relationship to express by constant equations. This distinctive property of soil makes it difficult to predict the behavior according to different types of stresses.

Beta vulgaris L. (beetroot) contains high amounts of active substances. The amounts of various compounds sucrose, glucose, fructose, micronutrients and physical properties were found in roasted beet root chips of two varieties cultivated in Jessore (BRJS) and Kustia (BRKS), Bangladesh. Large differences were found between the varieties for some nutrients (such as sucrose), whereas others showed only minor variation (physical properties and acceptability).

The study aims to estimate the composition characteristic of commercial roasted beet root chips snacks. The total sucrose content was found to range between 73.6 g/kg and 82.6 g/ kg of roasted chips samples. Other detected glucose, which accounted for up to 4.1% to 3.2% and fructose 1.31% to 1.21%. The % CV of sucrose, glucose and fructose were 14.5%, 43.3% and 52.6% respectively. Physicochemical properties of beet root Chips was studied and is shown in Table 4 for accepted sample BRTJS. The average weight of one piece of beetroot chips was 2.22 gm, diameter 5.15 cm, thickness 0.35 cm, height 0.7 cm and bulk density was 0.35 g/cm³. The average apparent moisture diffusivity was calculated as 5.35X10^-9m²s^-1 with standard deviation 2.43X10^-9m²s^-1. The highest value of moisture diffusivity recorded as 1.9X10^-9 of the MHSDT method and lowest value of 2.25X10^-9. Proximate values was 2.2% moisture, 0.7% ash, 17% protein, 1.25% fat, 1.7% crude fiber and 74.02% carbohydrate respectively. Sensory evaluation for acceptances of the sample-RBJS got a highest sensorial score (9.0) for all parameters like the color (9.2), taste (9.25), texture (8.5), after taste (7.0) and overall acceptability (9.0) than other BRKS sample.

The inluences of incorporating compatibilizers E-EA-MAH, E-MA-GMA, E-AM, SEBS KRATON G, or PP-g-MAH on the thermal properties of mixed (polypropylene/ethylene propylene rubber)/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (PP/EPR)/ABS have been investigated. It has been shown that the mixture of polypropylene and ABS is not sufficiently stable. This instability has referred to an incompatibility between these two copolymers. Thus, in this study, to improve this behavior, we introduce the compatibilizing agents mentioned above. They are all from commerce. The objective for each mixture developed in this study is to have a composite material with optimal thermal stability. The temperature range explored for all of our mixes ranges from -100°C to 200°C (increase of 10°C/min or decrease of -10°C/min), by two sweeps back and forth with delays of two minutes at the limits of this interval. DSC investigations have revealed that the incorporation of 5% of ABS in the copolymer (PP/EPR) does not fundamentally affect the thermal properties of the basic copolymer; additionally, the addition of 1.5% of each of the compatibilizers in the basic mixture does not significantly alter the crystallization temperature values and the melting of the -P- sequences. Here is a variation of melting enthalpy values of the -P- sequences of 18.23% using SEBS KRATON G and of 10.38% using E-AM-GMA. When the rate of each of the compatibilizers increases to 5%, overall crystallization enthalpies of -P- sequences are almost kept unchanged, except for the case of using the compatibilizer E-AM-GMA with a variation of 8.42%. Here is a minor variation of the melting enthalpy of -P- sequences with higher levels of compatibilizer. He incorporation of 5% ABS copolymer in the PP/EPR does not significantly alter the thermal properties of the basic structure of (PP/EPR)/ABS.

A waterborne polyurethane-based polymeric dye (WPU-CFBB) was synthesized by anchoring 1, 4-bis(methylamino)anthraquinone (CFBB) to waterborne polyurethane chains. The number molecular weight, glass transition temperature and average emulsion particle size for the polymeric dye were determined, respectively. This polymeric dye exhibited intriguing optical behaviors. The polymeric dye engendered two new absorption bands centered at about 520 nm and 760 nm if compared with CFBB in UV-vis spectra. The 760 nm peak showed hypsochromic shift with the decrease of average particle sizes. The polymeric dye dramatically demonstrated both hypsochromic and bathochromic effects with increasing temperature. The fluorescence intensity of the polymeric dye was much higher than that of CFBB. It was found that the fluorescence intensities would enhance from 20°C to 40°C and then decline from 40°C to 90°C. The fluorescence of the polymeric dye emulsion was very stable and was not sensitive to quenchers.

The primary goal of present examination is to foresee every day worldwide solar cell efficiency in view of meteorological factors, utilizing distinctive counterfeit neural system (ANN) procedures. In the present examination we report the impact of Dye Synthesized solar cell. A three-layer artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict the efficiency of Dye Synthesized solar cell based on 100 experimental sets. In the present examination we report the impact of Dye Synthesized solar cell. The effect of operational parameters such as short circuit current (Jsc), Open circuit voltage (Voc), Fill factor (FF) were studied to optimize the conditions to check the efficiency of Dye Synthesized solar cell. Experimental results showed that the ANN model was able to predict adsorption efficiency with a tangent sigmoid transfer function (tansig) at hidden layer with 20 neurons and a linear transfer function (purelin) at output layer [1]. The Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (LMA) was used with a minimum mean squared error (MSE) of 0.00350141. The linear regression between the network outputs and the corresponding targets were proven to be satisfactory with a correlation coefficient of about 0.9993 for six model variables used in this study.

Raffia is a kind of fast-growing palm tree, from the family of Arecaceae, encountered in marshy areas and along rivers. In this study, the “Raffia Bamboo” is the stalk of a palm, made of a fragile marrow inside a thin shell, smooth and hard to protect the latter. In our region, this material is widely used to build all the low-cost traditional houses and furniture, to make granaries storage of dry products, to build chicken coops, to make decoration. Tus, various jobs are organized around this material, with the fight against poverty. To our knowledge, information on its thermal properties is almost nonexistent. The experimental determination of the transverse thermal properties of the dry shell, the dry marrow, and the whole dry bamboo helped to find, for each, a specific heat, a thermal diffusivity, a thermal conductivity, and finally a thermal effusivity. From the analysis of results, we deduce that the thermal properties of raffia bamboo Vinifera L. Arecacea make it a very good thermal insulator.

Large investments are aimed at minimizing power needed for propulsion i.e., new downsized engines with new aerodynamic devices for drag reduction. For passenger vehicles the aerodynamic drag force is the dominating resistance force at higher velocity. The vehicle body is often optimized for reducing the drag resistance. Vortex generators belong to the category of boundary layer manipulators. Their function is to reenergize an adverse pressure gradient boundary layer that is about to separate by transporting high momentum fluid from the outer part of the boundary layer down to the low momentum zone closer to the wall. In this experimental investigation, the variation of pressure coefficient, dynamic pressure, coefficient of lift and drag with and without vortex generators (VG) on the roof of a utility vehicle have been studied at varying yaw angles of VG. The yaw angles used are 10°, 15° and 20°. To measure the effect of altering the vehicle body, wind tunnel tests have been performed with 1:15 scaled model of the utility vehicle with velocities of 2.42, 3.7, 5.42 and 7.14m/s. The experiments showed that a great improvement of the aerodynamic drag force reduction can be achieved with vortex generator.

Solar domestic hot water systems are used for absorbing solar energy during day time and using it on demand. In open-circuit cycle solar domestic hot water system, fluid inside the collector is directly injected to water inside the tank. In the case of closed-circuit cycle, in order to transfer heat between collector fluid and water inside the tank, a heat exchanger is used. Among all types, mantle heat exchanger is commonly used for solar water heaters.

In this research work, the performance of an innovative collector loop heat exchanger used in solar water heater is investigated experimentally. The heat exchanger evaluated in this work is a narrow gap mantle on a vertical tank. The heat exchanger is assessed for a range of operating conditions to quantify both the mantle side and the tank side heat transfer coefficients and the effect of thermal stratification in the tank. The experiments arte simulated and validated by using CFD tool ANSYS-CFX and a good agreement is obtained between experiments and simulations.

A real time detection of human movements is a practical solution to monitor aged people or mentally challenged people with the permission of their family. Household person is needed to monitor the elder and differently abled people. Instead of monitoring their activities with the help of other people, smart phones are used as a remote to monitor their activities and simultaneously send the message to their family members. The accelerometer sensor placed in the mobile phones. It is used to identify the activities of the person who holds the mobile phones. The most commonly used classifier technique is Naive Bayes classifier which has a limitation of handle with the large set of data. To overcome this defect, the proposed system classifies the data using k-nearest neighbor (K-NN) technique and Neuroevolution. This system recognize some representative human movements such as walking, climbing upstairs, climbing downstairs, standing, sitting and running ,using a conventional mobile equipped with a single tri-axial accelerometer sensor.

The wavelet analysis of the integral images can be applied to extract the depth from the photographed/synthesized 3D objects. Multiview wavelets can be based either on the Haar wavelets or on the B-splines. The continuous wavelet transform was applied to the testing wireframe binary objects. The restored locations correspond to the structure of the testing wireframe binary objects. The result of the wavelet analysis, however, depends on the colour/texture of the object, and thus can be ambiguous. In order to avoid such an ambiguity, the normalization of the image before processing was proposed, so as the extraction of the depth could be performed with no regards to the colour/texture. The improved technique was verified in multiple integral/plenoptic images; it can be also applied to multiview and light field displays.

LEDs have replaced the florescent lamps in the field of solid state lighting at a rapid rate. They have higher energy efficiency, lower heat generation, improved color rendering and longer lifespan without using harmful chemicals. LEDs can switch to different light intensity at a faster rate. This great advantage of LEDs has been leading to a new communication technology known as Visible Light Communication. This paper provides a detailed survey of Visible Light Communication system, its characteristics and applications. The draw backs of the usage of LEDs in the vehicle to vehicle communication were overcome by Li-Fi technology. The application of LI-Fi technology in V-to-V communication is also discussed.