Pre-operative Pulmonary Assessment and Risk Factors for Post-operative Pulmonary Complications in Elective Abdominal Surgery in Nigeria
Emerging Research in Medical Sciences Vol. 4,
Page 28-42
Abstract
Post-operative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are recurring causes of rising morbidity and mortality in surgeries. This study sought to evaluate pre-operative risk factors for PPCs in abdominal surgery patients in Nigeria. This was a prospective study in patients booked for surgery in 2014. Biodata, medical history, pre-operative respiratory and cardiovascular examination findings, body mass index, serum albumin, serum urea, ventilatory function, chest x-rays and oxygen saturation were obtained. The association between pre-operative variables and PPCs was determined. The pre-operative spirometry was predominantly restrictive (62%). Overall, the prevalence of PPCs was 52%. This included non-productive cough (14%), isolated productive cough (10%), productive cough with abnormal chest finding (16%), pneumonia (8%), pleural effusion (5%), ARDS (2%). Percentage predicted FEV1 and FVC were lower in participants with PPCs. (p= 0.03 and p=0.01 respectively). Pre-operative cough, shortness of breath and consolidation were associated with PPCs (p< 0.05). Post-operative respiratory rate and pulse rate in participants with PPCs were higher than the values in those without PPCs (p=0.03 and p=0.05). The prevalence of PPCs was high in this study. Pre-operative cough, shortness of breath, consolidation, abnormally low percentage predicted FEV1 and FVC were associated with PPCs.
Keywords:
- Post-operative pulmonary complications
- pre-operative assessment
- risk factors
- cough
- shortness of breath
- consolidation
- pneumonia
- elective abdominal surgeries
- Nnewi
- Nigeria
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