The Biology, Engineering and Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 System
Current Strategies in Biotechnology and Bioresource Technology Vol. 2,
Page 61-81
Abstract
Microbes use diverse defense strategies that allow them to withstand exposure to a variety of genome invaders such as bacteriophages and plasmids. One such defense strategy is the use of RNA guided endonuclease called CRISPR-associated (Cas) 9 protein. The Cas9 protein, derived from type II CRISPR/Cas system, has been adapted as a versatile tool for genome targeting and engineering due to its simplicity and high efficiency over the earlier tools such as ZFNs and TALENs. With recent advancements, CRISPR/Cas9 technology has emerged as a revolutionary tool for modulating the genome in living cells and inspires innovative translational applications in different fields. Here, we review the developments and potential uses of CRISPR/Cas9 technology as well as recent advancements in genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas9.
Keywords:
- CRISPR
- Cas9
- guide RNA
- PAM
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